What term describes a computer setup with several bays and peripheral devices?

The term that describes a computer setup with several bays and peripheral devices is "stationary workstation." This term signifies a desktop setup designed for robust performance and typically equipped with multiple expansion slots and ports, allowing for the connection of various peripherals. A stationary workstation is built to handle intensive tasks such as data analysis, graphic design, or software development, making it distinct from more portable configurations.

Other options like "mobile workstation" refer to configurations designed for portability, which prioritize being lightweight and compact, often at the expense of having multiple bays or extensive peripheral connectivity. "Remote workstation" implies a setup that operates over a network, allowing access from different locations, but it doesn't inherently describe a physical configuration with multiple bays. "Compact workstation" denotes smaller form factors that may limit the number of bays and connected devices, thus lacking the extensive expandability typically associated with a stationary workstation.