What defines a password dictionary attack?

A password dictionary attack is characterized by the use of a list of common words, phrases, or predetermined passwords that are likely to be used by individuals. This method operates on the premise that many users tend to select easily guessable passwords, such as "password," "123456," or variations of their names and significant dates. By systematically trying these commonly used passwords, an attacker can efficiently determine the password protecting an account or file without resorting to random combinations of characters.

This approach is distinct from random combination methods, which generate passwords using an arbitrary selection of characters and are often much more complex and secure. It also differs from interception techniques, which involve capturing passwords as they are transmitted over a network, and from social engineering tactics, which seek to manipulate individuals into divulging their passwords. The effectiveness of a dictionary attack relies heavily on the assumption that a significant number of users do use simple and common passwords, making this method a popular choice in password cracking attempts.