In the context of digital forensics, what is a ‘drive image’?

A drive image refers to a complete copy of a storage device’s data, which includes not only the files and folders visible to the user but also all hidden files, system files, and unused space. This comprehensive duplication ensures that all evidence is preserved in a forensically sound manner, which is crucial in investigations. By capturing the entire storage medium, including file system metadata and deleted files, a drive image allows forensic analysts to conduct thorough examinations without risking alterations to the original data. This process is vital for maintaining the integrity of the evidence collected during an investigation, enabling reliable analysis and accurate documentation of findings.

The other options, while related to digital forensics, do not accurately define what a drive image is, as they pertain to different aspects of forensic practices. Backup of essential software programs primarily focuses on specific software rather than a full data copy. A document outlining the analysis process and a summary of the findings pertain to the procedural and reporting stages of digital forensics, respectively, rather than the foundational aspect of data imaging.